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References
The following links permit you to download Acrobat files of articles which we have published, regarding Gastric Bypass and associated topics. The most recent paper is shown first.
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass, Roux en-Y - 500 Patients:
Technique and Results, with 3 - 60 Month Follow-up. Wittgrove AC &
Clark GW. Obesity Surgery 10, 2000:233-239.
Currently, this is our most recent report,
published in June 2000. We have now performed over 2500 laparoscopic
procedures.
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass, Roux en-Y: Technique and Results in 300 Cases with 3 - 48 month Follow-up. Wittgrove AC & Clark GW. Proc. 6th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, 1998, Rome, Italy, Monduzzi Editore.
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass, Roux en-Y: Technique and Results in 75 Patients with 3 - 30 Months Follow-up. Wittgrove AC, Clark GW & Schubert KR. Obesity Surgery 6, 1996:500-504.
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass, Roux en-Y: Experience with 27 Cases, with 3 - 18 Months Follow-up. Wittgrove AC & Clark GW. Obesity Surgery 6, 1996: 54-57.
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass, Roux en-Y: Preliminary Report
of Five Cases. Wittgrove AC, Clark GW, & Tremblay LJ.
Obesity Surgery 4, 1994:353-357
The first published report of performance of the
procedure laparoscopically. Our first case was performed in October
1993.
Pregnancy Following Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity. Wittgrove AC, Jester L, Wittgrove P & Clark GW. Obesity Surgery 8, 1998:461-464.
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity in a Patient with Situs Inversus. Wittgrove AC & Clark GW. J Laparoendscopic Surg 8 1998:53-55.
Other References
The following are some references to articles in the medical literature regarding Morbid Obesity, its health effects, and the surgery which can be performed to help. We're still working on this section, to improve the list. You'll see short comments after some of them.
Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health. (1998). NIH Publication No. 98-4083; September 1998. Access at http://rover2.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob_gdlns.pdf
This is a massive, 262 page report for physicians, with several hundred references, and considerable government bafflegab built in.. It was compiled by an all-star panel of physicians, but with few, if any, surgeons among them. This report will become a standard reference.
Newer Techniques in Bariatric Surgery for Morbid Obesity. Blue Cross-Blue Shield Association, Technology Evaluation Center. Volume 18, No. 10, September 2003 Access at http://www.bcbs.com/tec/vol18/18_10.html
This report was sponsored by the insurance industry, and prepared by a Medical Advisory Panel which was heavily laden with insurance executives from the Blues, and from Kaiser.. It does acknowledge the value of bariatric surgery in a tentative way, while determining that laparoscopic procedures have not been adequately evaluated for safety. The criteria for inclusion, and for this decision was, in my opinion, excessively stringent, demanding a standard which is essentially impractical, if not impossible, to meet. It is likely that the insurance industry will use this report to deny coverage for many procedures.
Our paper on our first 500 Laparoscopic cases was included among the 6 that were considered. We reported 500 consecutive cases, and that report included the first 5 cases of Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass performed worldwide. We had very acceptable complication rate, and no mortality. We also demonstrated a 96% reduction of major co-morbidities.
Gastrointestinal Surgery for Severe Obesity. Consensus Development Conference Panel, National Institutes of Health. Ann Int Med 115: 956-961, 1991.
The report of the definitive statement on surgery for clinically severe obesity, from a consensus conference, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
Methods for Voluntary Weight Loss and Control. NIH Technology Assessment Conference Panel Ann Int Med 116: 942-949, 1992.
This report confirms what we all know: there is no diet that will succeed for the severely obese.
Health Implications of Obesity. Consensus Development Panel, National Institutes of Health. Ann Int Med 103: 1073-1077, 1985.
Body Weight and Mortality among Women. Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et. al. NEJM 333: 677-685, 1995.
Gastric Surgery in Morbid Obesity: Outcome in Patients 55 Years and Older. McGregor AMC, Rand CSW. Arch Surg 128: 1153-1157, 1993.
Why Does the Gastric Bypass Control Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? Pories WJ Obesity Surgery 2:303-313, 1992.
Is Type II Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) a Surgical Disease? Pories WJ, MacDonald KG, Flickinger EG et al Ann Surg 215:633-643, 1992.
Dr. Pories raises the question of whether diabetes should be treated surgically (with Gastric Bypass).
The Gastric Bypass Operation reduces the progression and mortality of non-insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus. MacDonald KG, Jr., Long SD, Swanson MS, Brown BM, et alJ Gastrointestinal Surg 1:213-220, 1997.
A very important paper showing that the mortality risk for obese Type II diabetics is reduced by at least 75%, by surgical treatment of their obesity. Since 57% of Type II diabetes is attributed to obesity, this has great significance for those afflicted.
Coexistence of Gallbladder Disease and Morbid Obesity. Calhoun R & Willbanks O Am J Surg 154:655-658, 1987.
Nutritional Status seven years after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass surgery Avinoah EA, Ovnat A & Charuzi I Surgery 111:137-142, 1992.
Obesity. Part I - Pathogenesis Bray GA & Gray DS West J Med 149:429-441, 1988 (77 refs)
Obesity Part II - Treatment Bray GA & Gray DS Western J Med 149:555-571, 1988 (109 ref)
Excessive Mortality and Causes of Death in Morbidly Obese Men Drenick EJ et al. JAMA 243:443-445, 1980
A Twin Study of Human Obesity. Stunkard AJ, Foch TT & Hrubec Z. JAMA 256:51-54, 1986
An Adoption Study of Human Obesity. Stunkard AJ et al. NEJM 314:193-198, 1986.
A very interesting study which shows that the body weight of adopted children correlates 80% with that of their genetic parents, whom they have never met, and not at all with their adoptive parents, who fed them and taught them how to eat. The effects of genes, versus the environment.
The Body-Mass Index of Twins Who Have Been Reared Apart. Stunkard AJ et al. NEJM 322:1483-1487, 1990
A Prospective Study of Obesity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Manson JE, et al. NEJM 322:882-889, 1990